Posts Tagged ‘Process’

20 May

Pneumatic Conveying Moves Ahead

Pneumatic conveying has long been a popular choice for moving bulk materials, either from storage facilities to a process unit, or between process units. However, pneumatic conveying technology itself hasn’t been standing still, and this can influence the choice between pneumatic and mechanical systems such as conveyor belts or vibratory systems and then among several types of pneumatic systems: dilute-phase, dense-phase or vacuum. Generally speaking, mechanical systems make sense with short, straight runs within a plant; they require less horsepower and sometimes can be a less expensive capital cost,” says Paul Solt, owner of Pneumatic Conveying Consulting, Allentown, Pa. “But they are usually a higher-maintenance choice, have problems with dust generation or contamination of process material, and are not as flexible in dealing with plant-floor configurations. Given sufficient capital, there is nothing that cannot be pneumatically conveyed,” he says. Greg Steele, executive vice president for Dynamic Air, St. Paul, Minn. , says, “Over the past 15-20 years, we’ve received a tremendous boost from EPA and OSHA. One by one, industries or applications where mechanical conveying has been the traditional choice have gone to pneumatic conveying. A decade or so ago, it was dry laundry detergent, then it was rubber processing and more recently pharmaceuticals. With pneumatic conveying, you reduce emissions and cut down on plant housekeeping requirements. ” Moreover, many new materials are more demanding to handle because of, for instance, reactivity or fire and health hazards; this also tips the scales toward pneumatic systems.Because pneumatic systems run cleaner than mechanical ones and are less susceptible to product contamination, recycling materials is easier. A pneumatic system’s generally smaller product holdup also is an advantage for recycling.

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9 May

The United States Constitutional Requirements Of Due Process Applied To The Public Employment Relationship Of School Personnel In Texas

ABSTRACT
 Most of the legal disputes arise out of the employment of public school personnel.   Laws that affect the employment relationship, the constitutional concept of due process of law, different employment arrangements available to public schools in Texas, the hiring and firing process, and the legal issues that arise in these contexts are examined.
   
Introduction
The United States (U. S. ) Constitution applies to the public employment relationship (Walsh, Kemerer & Maniotis, 2005).   This fact distinguishes public employment from private employment.   The due process of the Fourteenth Amendment is not invoked in the private sector and it is not a guarantee against incorrect or poor advisement.   According to the U. S. Constitutional requirement of the due process clause, states must afford certain procedures before depriving individuals of certain interests.    Laws and legal proceedings must be fair.   When a person is treated unfairly by the government, including the courts, he is said to have been deprived of or denied due process.   (The Lectric Law Library’s Lexicon on Due Process, n. d. ).   The focus is on deprivation of liberty or property.   Certain procedures are considered due process and certain interests are life, liberty, or property.   The Supreme Court requires individuals to show that the interest in question is either their life, their liberty, or their property.   If the interests are not in either of these categories, life, liberty or property, no matter how important it is, it doesn’t qualify for constitutional protection.   The U. S. Constitution only restricts governmental action.
  The due process clause serves to the use of fair procedures, more accurate results that would prevent the wrongful deprivation of interests.   Due process provides individuals the opportunity to be heard from their point of view.   This allows the individual to feel that the government has treated them fairly.


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